Vaping and Smoking in Pregnancy—A Meta‐Analysis of Neurobehavioural Development in Prenatally Exposed Offspring

Abstract Aim: Electronic cigarette usage has become increasingly popular in recent years, advertised as a safe alternative to smoking. However, the long‐term impact on prenatal development is not well understood. The aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis is to investigate the impact of prenatal electronic cigarette exposure on self‐regulation and motor development in existing human and animal research and to identify the common assessment measures. Methods: 2116 records from six databases were retrieved, of which 70 (56 human; 14