Anatomical mapping of the biliary tree during laparoscopic cholecystectomy by using indocyanine green dye

Abstract Background: Fluorescent cholangiography using intravenous indocyanine green (ICG) is a noninvasive technique that enables real-time intraoperative imaging of biliary anatomy. The objective of this study was to visualise the biliary anatomy in routine and complicated cases of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Methods: This was a prospective observational study of patients undergoing LC for various indications. After obtaining consent, 5 mg/1 ml of ICG dye was administered intravenously in each patient, 2 h before the incision time. LC was performed by