Advances in Cytosolic Delivery of Proteins: Approaches, Challenges, and Emerging Technologies

Abstract Although therapeutic proteins have achieved recognized clinical success, they are inherently membrane impermeable, which limits them to acting only on extracellular or membrane‐associated targets. Developing an efficient protein delivery method will provide a unique opportunity for intracellular target‐related therapeutic proteins. In this review article, we summarize the different pathways by which cells take up proteins. These pathways fall into two main categories: One in which proteins are transported directly across the cell membrane and the other through endocytosis. At