Synergistic effects of magnesium nano-oxide and mycorrhizal fungi on metabolite profiles in sesame (Sesamum indicum) under varying water regimes

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effects of nano magnesium oxide (MgO NPs, OM2) and mycorrhizal fungi species, Funneliformis mosseae (MI2) and Rhizophagus irregularis (MI3), on sesame plants under different environmental conditions. This study was conducted using a factorial field experiment with three replicates over two years (2023–2024) across four environments conditions with varying irrigation levels (optimal and deficit) and rainfall patterns The results showed that OM2 significantly enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT),