Horseshoe kidney leading to ERCP failure; innovative use of guide wire during laparoscopic CBD exploration: A case report

Abstract Introduction: Horseshoe kidneys are the most common fusion defect of the kidneys, which amounts to about 0.25% of the population. They are usually asymptomatic and are often identified incidentally. The horseshoe kidney can push the second and third part of the duodenum anteriorly, leading to an altered CBD course. Choledocholithiasis is seen in approximately 10‐15% of patients with cholelithiasis. Presently, the most preferred approach for managing CBD stones is ERCP. However, in ERCP failure cases, Laparoscopic CBD exploration is