A pan-cancer analysis of the oncogenic role of secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) in human cancers

Abstract Background: Emerging evidence suggests that secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) is involved in tumor cell progression in multiple cancer types. However, the role of SPP1 in different cancers is still not clear. Methods: We used data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to analyze the multiomic roles of SPP1, including RNA expression, DNA methylation, protein phosphorylation, immune infiltration, and overall survival (OS) in 33 tumor types. Results: SPP1 is highly expressed in most cancer types, and its methylation variability and