New Insights into the Antibacterial Activity of Hydroxytyrosol Extracted from Olive Leaves: Molecular Docking Simulations of its Antibacterial Mechanisms

Abstract This study investigated the biological activities of a hydroxytyrosol‐rich extract from Olea europaea leaves, particularly its ability to eradicate severe pathogenic bacteria producing Extended‐Spectrum Beta‐Lactamases (ESBLs). The latter bacteria are emerging microorganisms that pose significant challenges due to their resistance to a broad range of potent therapeutic drugs. The extract was prepared through an accessible acid hydrolysis method. In vitro and In silico analyses through MIC, MBC analysis and molecular docking were conducted to evaluate the antibacterial properties. The